Ese Lightning Protection System

Definition: A lightning arrester is a device used to protect electrical power systems from damage caused by lightning strikes or voltage surges.

Function: It diverts the high voltage surge (caused by lightning) safely to the ground, thereby protecting equipment and insulation.

Installation: Typically installed at the entry point of overhead lines to substations, distribution lines, transformers, and homes.

Working Principle: Operates by providing a low-impedance path to ground for high voltage surges and returns to high-impedance during normal operation.

Components:

• Spark gap (older types)

• Non-linear resistor (usually made of zinc oxide in modern arresters)

• Insulating housing (porcelain or polymer)

Types:

• Station class (used in substations)

• Intermediate class (used in distribution systems)

• Distribution class (used in residential or commercial installations)

Materials Used: Metal-oxide varistors (MOVs) are commonly used due to their fast response and high energy absorption capacity.

Importance:

• Prevents equipment failure

• Reduces downtime

• Enhances system reliability

• Minimizes repair and replacement costs